Wireless standards encompass a variety of protocols governing communication between devices. Here’s a concise overview of key wireless standards:
- Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11):
- Popular Standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6).
- Frequency Bands: 2.4 GHz (b/g/n) and 5 GHz (a/ac/ax).
- Applications: Internet connectivity, local area networking, smart home devices.
- Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1):
- Standards: Bluetooth 1.x, 2.x, 3.x, 4.x, 5.x.
- Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz.
- Applications: Wireless audio streaming, hands-free communication, IoT, smart devices.
- Cellular Networks:
- Standards: 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE), 5G.
- Frequency Bands: Varied, including low, mid, and mmWave bands.
- Applications: Mobile communication, high-speed data, IoT connectivity.
- NFC (Near Field Communication):
- Standard: ISO/IEC 18092.
- Frequency Band: 13.56 MHz.
- Applications: Contactless payments, data transfer between devices at close range.
- Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4):
- Standard: Zigbee Alliance.
- Frequency Bands: 2.4 GHz, 868/915 MHz.
- Applications: Home automation, industrial control, sensor networks.
- Z-Wave:
- Standard: Z-Wave Alliance.
- Frequency Bands: 868.42 MHz (Europe), 908.42 MHz (USA), 919.82 MHz (Hong Kong).
- Applications: Home automation, smart home devices.
- LoRa (Long Range):
- Standard: LoRa Alliance.
- Frequency Bands: Sub-GHz (various regional bands).
- Applications: Low-power, long-range IoT communication for smart cities, agriculture.
- UWB (Ultra-Wideband):
- Standard: IEEE 802.15.4z.
- Frequency Bands: 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.
- Applications: Precise location tracking, high-speed data transfer.
These wireless standards cater to diverse needs, offering a range of data rates, coverage, and use cases. Each standard has specific strengths and applications, contributing to the interconnected landscape of modern wireless communication.